The Disaster at Chernobyl Essay -- Nuclear Explosions Ukraine Essays H

The Disaster at Chernobyl On April 26th, 1986, operators at the Chernobyl Power Plant in Chernobyl, Ukraine, ran what they thought to be a deed safety test. But fate was not on the side of these operators. Without warning, reactor 4 became unstable, as it had been operating at a low power for a possible shutdown and the reactors design caused it to be unsafe at this level of power. Internal temperatures rose. Attempts to cool the system produced the opposite effect. Instantly, the nuclear ticker surged with power. At 123 p.m., the reactor exploded. The first blast ripped off the reactors steel roof. The second blast released a large plume of radiation into the sky. Flames engulfed the building. For cristal long days, fire fighters and power plant workers attempted to overcome the inferno. Thirty-one of them died of radiation poisoning. Chernobyl was the worst nuclear disaster in history. It unleashed radiation hundreds of times greater than the atomic bombs exploded over Japan during World War II. 1 Initially the Soviet Government kept the accident at Chernobyl a secret. Because radiation lacks opinion or taste, and is invisible, people carried on with their daily lives, all the while inhaling radioactive particles. It took ten days for the Soviet government to evacuate the contaminated areas. Particles fell into the crops and plants of the people. cow ate grass that had been contaminated by the nuclear particles causing the dairy produ...

Different Types of Stress Essay -- Papers Essays

StressStress. Is there an effective way to cure tune? Stress is an integral part of everyday life, influencing, if not controlling happiness, productivity and health. The complete absence of any hear results in death. Stress is known to cause a variety of psychiatric disorders involving anxiert and depression. More common of which include posttraumatic stress disorder, amajor depression, generalized anxierty, and multiple personality disorders. Hopefully will attempt to explain ways to cure stars illnesss caused by Stress. Stress is an adaptive response. The more stress one puts on themselves the weaker their immune system then becomes. A weakened immune system will become susceptible to disease and injury. Stress is the bodys reaction to an still that is seen as emotionally disturbing or threatening. To prepare for such(prenominal) an event, the body increases its heart set up and blood pressure more blood is then direct to your heart and muscles, and your respirati on rate increases.There are a variety of steps that stress will take biologically on your body. To prepare for such an event that may be stressful, the body increases its heart rate and blood pressure more blood is then sent to your heart and muscles, and your respiration rate increases. In the first stage of stress, alarm, the body mobilizes its fight or flight defenses, either to resist the stress-causing factor or adapt to it. In this stage, the pituitary-adrenocortical system pours hormones into the bloodstream. The trice quickens, the lungs take in more oxygen to fuel the muscles, blood sugar increases to supply added energy, digestion slows, and perspiration increases. This is just the beginning of what happens.In the second stage of stress... ...n to otherwise behavioral, dietary, and medical interventions for reducing the risks of heart disease. Stress has also been said to be related to blood pressure. You can have high blood pressure without feel stressed or tense. However, continual stress may lead to permanently elevated blood pressure. Stress is also associated with the nervous system. Stress activates a company of neurons in the brainstem that project widely to other regions of the central nervous system. When these neurons are stimulated by stress, they release transmitter norepinephrine which, in assenting to arousing the brain, causes the activation of the c-fos gene in the target cells. The c-fos protein, in turn, is known to activate other genes that may produce prolonged changes in the function of the brain to stress is a key event in causing persistent psychiatric disorders following stress.

Why Do We Need Solar Energy? Essay -- essays research papers

Why Do We Need Solar Energy?With the worlds congenital resources depleting rapidly, humans must find a way to compensate. This society has milked oil, coal, gasoline, lead, uranium, and legion(predicate) other of these reservoirs in our Earth for hundreds of years and much has been d unity. Asphalt was used for our roads and highways, coal was originally used for heat before there was oil, and even water was used as a form of electricity on many rural farms. Luckily, more companies around the world argon waking up to the fact that these resources will non be around forever, and that in the near future, other forms of energy will take heed. Solar energy, or energy powered by the sun, is one of the most promising. Since the suns rays create so much for the wildlife that surrounds us, why cant it do the same for people? It can, and as many industries are finding out, will be around long later the other resources are gone.What is solar energy? To fully comprehend this, backgroun d information must be presented. How did we get to the point we are at promptly? Most people look to the 1973 oil embargo, where Arab delegates announced theyd no longer be shipping petroleum oil to countries, such as the U.S., who had support Israel in their conflict with Egypt. About the same time as this was announced, members of OPEC agreed to quadruple world oil prices. Focus then turned to solar energy. With except any oil being imported, the Federal government started putting close to $400 million per year for research on solar energy. The facts were and still are ever-present oil, coal, and nuclear energy are depletable, causing a massive amount of pollutive particles to go up into the air, which in turn causes a bounty of problems. On the other hand, solar energy is clean and renewable with no bad after effects. The actual definition of solar energy is energy from the sun thats converted into thermal or electric energy. The terminology used when discussing solar energy ma y be complex and difficult to understand to the average Joe. This is because not much has been done to try and explain the uses or even the way this system operates to the public. The money allocated by the government has seemed to go towards research instead of further and educating the people about the benefits of renewable energy. The breakdown shows us that ... ...exchanger, radiant floor, low consumption plumbing, fresh air intake, and propane for heat, cooking, and drying of clothes. These are the essentials of one solar powered house. Yes it sounds identical a lot of work, but the same amount goes into a regular home. Some solar- homeowners are attracted by the low cost of monthly bills, others by the practicality. Whichever, the benefits to the inhibitors and the surround are well worth the time and money spent.In summation, we can change the world like Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young once said. It can start with one person, but will need more support in order to flourish . Solar energy is not the answer to all of the worlds problems. on that point are constant new ones emerging each day as we humans make our everlasting impact on the planet. Yet, to get something done, one must do it himself using whatever it takes. Partnerships, group aid awareness, community action, maybe even wars, but the time for action is quickly passing us by. The milieu in which we all live in and by depends on us and the way we live in this world. With voice, action, education, and funding we will start to see a new and better future.

Prince Hal in Shakespeares Henriad Essay -- William Shakespeare Henri

Prince Hal in Shakespeares HenriadThe question that Shakespeare raises throughout the series of Henry IV, Part I, Henry IV, Part II, and Henry V is that of whether Prince Hal (eventually queen mole rat Henry V), is a true manifestation of an ideal ruler, and whether he is a rightful heir to his fathers ill-begotten throne. England is without a true king, being hunting expedition by a ruler without the right of betoken providence on his side altogether, a very difficult situation for a young, inexperienced, and slightly deserted Prince to take on. The task of proving himself a reliable Prince and a concerned ruler is of utmost importance to Hal, as he does not enjoy the mantle of divine right perhaps by being an excellent ruler, Hal can make up for the usurpation of Richard IIs crown. Even though he is otiose to change his ancestry, he may be able to gain Gods support by ruling justly, piously, and effectively. Robert Fallon defines this stage of Englands history as an era when m onarchs were expected to share with their soldiers the dangers of the battlefield, where strength of character was equated with strength of arm and a kings cogency to rule was measured by his ability to lead his armies in conquest, and this is the mindset that Hal must deal with, moving from an irresponsible tavern dweller to a responsible ruler, fit to lead England with Gods support, if not his permission (Fallon, 111).The association of Prince Hal with dubious, tavern-dwelling creatures like Falstaff is a main point of contention between his supporters and detractors. Because the audience first meets the Prince in Henry IV, Part I, eon he is carousing in the tavern with Falstaff, it is necessary for Shakespeare to indicate that Hal is not as enchanted with... ...stability and domestic tranquility.Works CitedFallon, Robert Thomas. Henry V This Star of England. A Theatrer-Goers Guide to Shakespeares Characters. Chicago, Illinois Ivan R. Dee, 2004. 106-122.Ornstein, Robert. A Kingdom for a Stage The Achievement of Shakespeares History Plays. Cambridge, Massachusetts Harvard University Press, 1972.Roe, John. Henry V The Prince and Cruelty. Studies in metempsychosis Literature Shakespeare and Machiavelli. Cambridge D.S. Brewer, 2002. 63-93.Shakespeare, William. Ed. David Scott Kastan. Henry IV, Part I. London The Arden Shakespeare, 2002.Shakespeare, William. Ed. A.R. Humphreys. King Henry IV, Part II. London Methuen & Co., Ltd., and The Arden Shakespeare, 1981.Shakespeare, William. Ed. J.H. Walter. King Henry V. London Metheun & Co., Ltd., and The Arden Shakespeare, 1954.

Essay --

There are three regulatory agencies in the United States that manage GE crops the United States Department of Agricultures (USDA) Animal and arrange Health Inspection Service (APHIS) through its Biotechnology Regulatory Services (BRS) Division The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Health and Human Services nourishment and Drug Administration (FDA). APHIS-BRS protects agriculture and the environment by evaluating genetically-engineered (GE) products that present a potential coiffe pest risk and supervises field testing. The EPA has responsibility for GE plants that burn pest management or pesticide issues protects the environment and food strongty of GE plants that contain pesticidal proteins (the Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin Bt), and FDA assures that food and feed derived from GE plants is safe. The processes that each agency has true for regulatory review vary according to each agencys mandate and the intended use of the product (Goldner, Thro & Radin, 2004). To consider deregulation of a plant product, APHIS-BRS requires submission of data to demonstrate that release of a GE plant into the environment will not present a plant pest risk. The FDA evaluates data on the characteristic components of the food or feed in the form in which the product will be eaten to ensure that new products are safe as the foods that are currently on the market. The other essential economic barrier identified by all participants is overseas regulation. Most of the specialty products prepare export markets, and the lack of regulatory standardization around the world generates incredible costs, inefficiencies, and worries (Goldner, Thro & Radin, 2004).During the Clinton administration, the top scientists at the FDA included Susan Sech... ...uce exclusive materials or materials with quality traits that set them unconnected from their competitors and bring a higher price. Good weather, competition, and shifting consumption patterns are beyond the control of t he farmer but the quality of plants and seeds and the quality of products are where biotech can make a difference (Goldner, Thro & Radin, 2004).ReferencesUnknown (June/ July 2001), Continuing the Green Revolution The corporate assault on the security of the global food supply, stack 13, Number 4, Retrieved November 22, 2013 and available at http//www.mit.edu/thistle/v13/4/food.htmlGoldner W.R., Thro A.M. & Radin J. W. (November 8-9 2004) Public Research & Regulatory Review of Specialty (Small-Market) Biotechnology-Derived Crops, 2, P. 2 Retrieved November 22, 2013 and available at http//www.csrees.usda.gov/nea/biotech/pdfs/small_mkt.pdf

Essay --

There are three regulatory agencies in the United States that manage GE crops the United States Department of Agricultures (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) through its Biotechnology Regulatory Services (BRS) Division The environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration (FDA). APHIS-BRS protects agriculture and the environment by evaluating genetically-engineered (GE) ingatherings that present a potential gear up pest risk and supervises field testing. The EPA has responsibility for GE plants that raise pest management or pesticide issues protects the environment and food safety of GE plants that contain pesticidal proteins (the bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin Bt), and FDA assures that food and feed derived from GE plants is safe. The processes that each agency has developed for regulatory review vary according to each agencys mandate and the think use of the product (Goldner, Thro & Radin, 2004).To co nsider deregulation of a plant product, APHIS-BRS requires submission of data to demonstrate that release of a GE plant into the environment ordain not present a plant pest risk. The FDA evaluates data on the characteristic components of the food or feed in the form in which the product will be eaten to ensure that new products are safe as the foods that are currently on the market. The other essential economic barrier set by all participants is overseas regulation. Most of the specialty products have export markets, and the lack of regulatory standardization around the world generates incredible costs, inefficiencies, and worries (Goldner, Thro & Radin, 2004).During the Clinton administration, the top scientists at the FDA included Susan Sech... ...uce exclusive materials or materials with quality traits that set them apart from their competitors and bring a higher price. Good weather, competition, and shifting consumption patterns are beyond the dominate of the farmer but the quality of plants and seeds and the quality of products are where biotechnology can make a difference (Goldner, Thro & Radin, 2004).ReferencesUnknown (June/ July 2001), Continuing the Green Revolution The embodied assault on the security of the global food supply, Volume 13, Number 4, Retrieved November 22, 2013 and available at http//www.mit.edu/thistle/v13/4/food.htmlGoldner W.R., Thro A.M. & Radin J. W. (November 8-9 2004) Public Research & Regulatory Review of posture (Small-Market) Biotechnology-Derived Crops, 2, P. 2 Retrieved November 22, 2013 and available at http//www.csrees.usda.gov/nea/biotech/pdfs/small_mkt.pdf

Jones Law of 1916 Essay

Whereas it was never the intention of the people of United States in the incipiency of the contend withSpainto make it a war of conquest or for territorial aggrandizement and Whereas it is, as it has always been, the purpose of the people of the United States to withdraw their s overeignty over Filipino Islands and to recognize their independence as soon as a stable government butt be established therein and Whereas for the speedy achievement of such purpose it is desirable to place in the hands of the people of the Philippines as large a control of their domestic affairs as can be given them without, in the meantime, impairing the exercise of the rectifys of sovereignty by the people of the United States, in order that, by the use and exercise of popular right and governmental powers, they whitethorn be the better prepared to fully assume the responsibilities and enjoy every told the privileges of complete independenceTherefore Section 1.The PhilippinesBe it enacted by the S enate and family of Representatives the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the provisions of this Act and the name The Philippines as used in this Act shall apply to and include the Philippine Islands ceded to the United States presidential term by the treaty of peace concluded between the United States and Spain on the eleventh d either of April, eighteen hundred and ninety-nine, the boundaries of which are set frontward in Article III of verbalize treaty, together with those islands embraced in the treaty between Spain and the United States concluded at Washington o the seventh twenty-four hour period of November, nineteen hundred.Section 2.Philippine Citizenship and NaturalizationThat all inhabitants of the Philippine Islands who were Spanish subjects on the eleventh day of April, eighteen hundred and ninety-nine, and then resided in said Islands, and their children born subsequent thereto, shall be deemed and held to be citizens of the Philippine Islands, except such as shall take in elected to preserve their allegiance to the Crown of Spain in con governance with the provisions of the treaty of peace between the United States and Spain, signed at Paris December tenth, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, and except such separates as have since come citizens of some other countryProvided, That the Philippine Legislature, herein provided for, is hereby authorized to provide by law for the acquisition of Philippine citizenship by those natives of the Philippine Islands who do not come within the foregoing provisions, the natives of the insular possessions of the United States, and such other persons residing in the Philippine Islands who are citizens of the United States, or who could become citizens of the United States under the laws of the United States if residing therein.Section 3.Bill of Right(a) Due process and eminent domain.That no law shall be enacted in said Islands which shall strip some(prenominal)(prenominal) person of life, liberty, or airscrew without due process of law, or deny to any person therein the equal protection of the laws. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. (b) Rights of persons accused of crime.That in all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to be comprehend by himself and counsel, to demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to tie the attendance of witnesses in his behalf. That no person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law and no person for the same(p) offense shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment, nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself. That all persons shall before conviction be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses. (c) Obligation of contracts.That no law impairing the obligation of contrac ts shall be enacted. (d) Imprisonment for debt.That no person shall be imprisoned for debt.(e) Suspension of habeas corpus.That the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion, insurrection, or invasion the public safety may require it, in either of which event the same may be suspended by the P nonmigratory, or by the Governor-General, wherever during such period the compulsion for such suspension shall exist. (f) Ex post facto laws, primogeniture, calls of nobility.That no ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted nor shall the law of primogeniture ever be in force in the Philippines. That no law granting a title of nobility shall be enacted, and no person holding any office of get or trust in said Islands shall, without the consent of the Congress of the United States, accept any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever from any king, queen, prince, or foreign state (g) Bail and punishment.That excessive bail shall not required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted. (h) Unreasonable searches.That the right to be secured against extravagant searches and seizures shall not be violated.(i) Slavery.That slavery shall not exist in saidIslands nor shall involuntary servitude exist therein except as a punishment for crime whereof the company shall have been duly convicted. (j) Freedom of speech.That no law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and asking the Government for redress grievances. (k) Freedom of religion.That no law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, and that the free exercise and employment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed and no religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or governmental rights. No public money or property shall ever be appropriated, applied, or used, directly or indirectly, for the use, benefit, or support of any sect, church, denomination, sectarian institution, or system of religion, or for the use, benefit, or support of any priest, preacher, minister, or other religious teacher or dignitary as such.(l) Poligamy.Contracting of polygamous or plural marriages hereafter is prohibited. That no law shall be construed to permit polygamous or plural marriages. (m) How public memorys to be spent.That no money shall be paid out of the treasury except in pursuance of an appropriation by law. (n) Uniform tax.That the rule of taxation in saidIslands shall be uniform. (o) Subject and title of bills.That no bill which may be enacted into law shall embrace more than one subject, and that subject shall be expressed in the title of the bill.(p) Warrants of arrest.That no insure shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the plac e to be searched and the person or things to be seized (q) Special funds.That all money collected on any tax levied or assessed for a special purpose shall be treated as a special fund in the treasury and paid out for such purpose only. Section 8.General Legislative PowerThat general legislative power, except as otherwise herein provided, is hereby granted to the Philippine legislature, authorized by this Act. Section 13.Election and Qualification of Senators That the members of the Senate of the Philippines, except as herein provided, shall be elected for cost of six and three years, as hereinafter provided, by the qualified electors of the Philippines. Each of the senatorial districts defined as hereinafter provided shall have the right to elect both senators. No person shall be an elective member of the Senate of the Philippines who is not a qualified elector and over thirty years of age, and who is not able to postulate and write either the Spanish or English language, and w ho has not been a resident of the Philippines for at least two consecutive years and an actual resident of the senatorial district from which chosen for a period of at least one year outright prior to his election.Section 14.-Election and Qualification of RepresentativeThat the members of the House of Representatives shall, except as herein provided, be elected triennially by the qualified electors of the Philippines. Each of the representative districts hereinafter provided for shall have the right to elect one representative. No person shall be an elective member of the House of Representatives who is not a qualified elector and over twenty-five years of age, and who is not able to show and write either the Spanish or English language, and who has not been an actual resident of the district from which elected for at least one year immediately prior to his election Provided,That the members of the present Assembly elected on the first Tuesday in June, nineteen hundred and sixteen , shall be the members of the House of Representatives from their respective districts for the term esxpiring in nineteen hundred and nineteen.Section 15.-Qualification of VotersThat at the first election held pursuant to this Act, the qualified electors shall be those having the qualifications of voters under the present law thereafter and until otherwise provided by the Philippine Legislature herein provided for the qualifications of voters for senators and representatives in the Philippines and all officers elected by the people shall be as follows Every male person who is not a citizen or subject of a foreign power twenty-one years of age or over (except insane and feeble-minded persons and those convicted in a court of workman deal jurisdiction of an infamous offense since the thirteenth day of August, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight) who shall have been a resident of the Philippines for one year and of the municipality in which he shall offer up to vote for six months next preceding the day of voting, and who is comprised within one of the following classes (a) Those who under existing law are legal voters and have exercised the right of suffrage. (b) Those who own real property to the value of 500 pesos, or who annually pay 30 pesos or more of the established taxes. (c) Those who are able to instruct and write either Spanish, English, or a native language.Sedition Law of 1901No. 202.AN ACT defining the crimes of treason, insurrection, sedition, conspiracies to commit such crimes, seditious utterances whether written or spoken, the formation of secret political societies, the administering or taking of oaths to commit crimes or to prevent the discovering of the same, and the violation of oaths of allegiance, and prescribing punishment therefor By confidence of the President of the United States, be it enacted by the United States Philippine Commission, that Section l. Every person, resident in the Philippine Islands, owing allejance to the United S tates or the Government of the Philippine* Islands, who levies war against them, or adheres to their enemies, jriving them aid and comfort within the Philippine Islands or else- where, is guilty of treason, and, upon conviction, shall suffer death or, at the discretion of the court-, shall l)e imprisoned at hard labor for not less than five years and fined not less than ten thousand dollars.Sec. 2. Every person, owing allegiance to the United States or the (Tovemment of the Philippine Islands, and having knowledge of any treason against them or either of them, who conceals, and does not, as soon as may be, disclost? and make known the same to the Provin- cial (Governor in the Province in which he resides, or to the Civil Governor of the Islands, or to some Judge of a Court of Hecord, is guilty of mLsprision of treason, and shall be imprisoned not more than seven years and be fined not more than one thousand dollars. Sec. 3. Everj pei*son who incites, sets on foot, assists or engages in any rebellion or insurrection against the authority of the Ignited States or of the Government of the Philippine Islands, or the laws thereof, or who gives aid or comfort to any one so engaging in such rebellion or insurrection, shall, upon (*onviction, lie imprisoned for not more than ten years and Ik* fined not more than ten thousiiud dollars.Sec. 4. If two or more persons conspire to overthrow, i)ut down or destroy by force, the Government of the ITnited States in the Philippine Islands or the Government of the Philippine Islands, or by force to prevent, hinder or delay, the execution of any law of the UnilcKl States or of the Philippine Islands, or by force to seize, take, or possess, any property of the United States or of the Government of the Philippine Islands, contrary to the authority thereof, (*aeri(Kl not more than six years.Sec. 5. All persons who rise publicly and tumultuously in onler to attain by force or outside of legal methwls any of the following object*, are guilty of sedition 1. To prevent the promulgation or erson who shall utter seditious words or speeches, write, publish, or circulate, scurrilous libels against the Government of the United States or the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands or which tend to disturb or obstruct any lawful officer in exe- cuting his office, or which tend to instigate others to cabal or meet togetlier for unlawful purposes, or which suggest or incite rebellious conspiracies or riots or wiiich tend to provoke up the ieople against the lawful authorities or to disturb the i)eace of the community, the safety and order of the Government, or who shall knowingly conceal such evil pra(*tic(s, shall be punished by a fine not olympian two thousand dollars or by imprisonment not exceeding two years, or both in the discretion of tlio Court.Sec. 9. All persons who shall meet together for the purpose of forming, or who shall form any secret society or who shall after the l)assago of this Act cont inue mem lHjrship in a society already formed having for its object in whole or in part, the promotion of treason, r(l)(41ion or scdition, or the promulgation of any political opinion or policy, shall 1k punished by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both.Sec. 10. lentil it has been officially proclaimed that a state of war or insurr(ction against the authority or sovereignty of the United States no eight-day exists in the Philippine Islands, it shall be unlawful for any person to advocate orally or by writing or printing or like m(tli(Kls, th( independence of the Philippine Islands or their separa- tion from the Inited States whether by peaceable or forcible means, or to print, publish or circulate any handbill, newspaper, or other publication, advocating such indeiendence or separation. Any person violating th

Lunar Phases Essay

Lunar phase (or Moon phase) refers to the appearance of the illuminated bunch of the Moon as seen by an observer, usually on Earth. The lunar phases metamorphose cyclically as the Moon orbits the Earth, according to the changing relative positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun. One half of the lunar surface is always illuminated by the Sun (except during lunar eclipses), and is hence bright, but the portion of the illuminated hemisphere that is visible to an observer can vary from 100% ( generous dream) to 0% (new lunar month). The boundary between the illuminated and unilluminated hemispheres is called the terminator.The lunar effect is a theory which overlaps into sociology, psychology and physiology suggesting that there is correlation between detail stages of the Earths lunar regular recurrence and deviant expression in human beings. It is a pseudoscientific theory, however. The claims of a correlation of lunar phases to human behavior do non hold up under scientific scruti ny.Over the past 30 years, even more evidence has emerged to stress that this is pseudoscience. The theory is sometimes also referred to as the Transylvanian hypothesis or the Transylvanian effect in scholarly literature.The notion behind the lunar effect has fascinated many behavioralists and warranted many experiments and studies. just about experiments, however, have open no correlation between the variables and, thus, rebutd the theory. in that location are some studies which have results the researchers claimed supported the theory. For example, a study concluded that schizophrenic patients verbalise signs of deterioration, in terms of quality of life and mental well-being, during the time of a just moon. Some researchers have claimed that there were strong positive correlations between physiological changes much(prenominal) as induced seizures in epileptic and non-epileptic people and the full moon period in studies they conducted. One study concluded that a statisticall y significant correlations for gastrointestinal bleeding among males in particular during this time. However, most of these findings are based on small-scale research.On the other hand, the majority of scientific research seems to refute the theory of the lunar effect. Psychologist Ivan Kelly of the University of Saskatchewan (with James Rotton and Roger Culver) did a meta- analysis of thirty-seven studies that examined relationships between the moons four phases and human behavior. The meta-analysis revealed no correlation. They also checked twenty-three studies that had claimed to show correlation, and nearly half of these contained at least one statistical error. Kelly, Ronnie Martins, and Donald Saklofske evaluated twenty-one studies of possesss related to the phase of the moon and found no correlation. The scientific data supports the examine that there is no causal relationship between lunar phenomena and human behavior. (Diefendorf 2007113)A study of 4,190 suicides in Sacr amento County over a 58-year period showed no correlation to the phase of the moon.A 1992 paper by Martens, Kelly, and Saklofske reviewed twenty studies examining correlations between Moon phase and suicides. Most of the twenty studies found no correlation and the ones that did tarradiddle positive results were inconsistent with each other. Psychologist Arnold Lieber of the University of Miami reported a correlation of homicides in Dade County to moon phase, but later analysis of the data including that by astronomer George Abell did not support Liebers conclusions. Kelly, Rotton, and Culver point out that Lieber and Carolyn Sherin used inappropriate and misleading statistical procedures.When more appropriate tests were done, no correlation between homicides and the phase of the moon was found.Astronomer Daniel Caton analyzed 70,000,000 birth records from the National Center for Health Statistics, and no correlation between births and moon phase was found. Kelly, Rotton, and Culv er report that Caton examined 45,000,000 births and found a weak confidential information around the third quarter phase of the Moon, while the full moon and new moon phases had an intermediate or slightly below average birth rate.In 1959 Walter and Abraham Menaker reported that a study of over 510,000 births in New York City showed a 1 percent increase in births in the two weeks afterwards full moon.In 1967 Walter Menaker studied another 500,000 births in New York City, and this time he found a 1 percent increase in births in the two-week period centered on the full moon. In 1973 M. Osley, D. Summerville, and L. B. Borst studied another 500,000 births in New York City, and they reported a 1 percent increase in births before the full moon. In 1957 Rippmann analyzed 9,551 births in Danville, PA and found no correlation between the birth rate and the phase of the moon.A fifteen month study in Jacksonville, Florida also revealed at least no lunar effect on crime and hospital room a dmittance. In particularThere was no increase in crime on full moons, according to a statistical analysis by the Jacksonville Police Department. Five of the fifteen full moons had a higher than average rate of crime while ten full moons had a lower than average rate.The higher-than-average days were during warmer months. Statistical analysis of visits to Shands Hospital emergency room showed no full moon effect. Emergency room admissions consistently have more to do with the day of the week.The word stop is etymologically related to moon. The terms menstruation and menses are derived from the Latin mensis (month), which in turn relates to the Greek mene (moon) and to the roots of the English words month and moonreflecting the fact that the moon also takes close to 28 days to revolve around the Earth (actually 27.32 days). The synodical lunar month, the period between two new moons (or full moons), is 29.53 days long. Some occasions believe women in traditional societies without ni ghtlighting ovulated with the full moon and menstruated with the new moon.A few studies in both humans and animals have found that artificial light at night does influence the menstrual cycle in humans and the estrus cycle in mice (cycles are more well-ordered in the absence of artificial light at night), though none have demonstrated the synchronization of womens menstrual cycles with the lunar cycle. One author has suggested that sensitivity of womens cycles to nightlighting is caused by nutritional deficiencies of certain vitamins and minerals. Other animals menstrual cycles may be greatly different from lunar cycles while the average cycle length in orangutans is the same as in humans28 daysthe average for chimpanzees is 35 days. Some take this as evidence that the average length of humans cycle is most likely a coincidence.

Chapter 33 The Death Eaters

V sometime(a)emort looked away from chivy and began examining his own body. His hands were like large, pale spiders his coarse unclouded fingers c arssed his own chest, his arms, his face the departure eyes, whose pupils were slits, like a cats, gleamed still more brightly through the darkness. He held up his hands and flexed the fingers, his expression rapt and exultant. He took non the slightest notice of Wormtail, who rank t beldameing and bleeding on the priming coat, nor of the great snake in the grass, which had slithe expiration patronize into sight and was circling Harry again, hissing. Voldemort slipped bingle of those unnaturally long-fingered hands into a deep pocket and drew tabu a wand. He caressed it gently too and then he raised it, and pointed it at Wormtail, who was lifted off the ground and thrown against the placest champion w here Harry was level(p) he fell to the foot of it and lay there, crumpled up and crying. Voldemort turned his scarlet eyes upon Harry, laughing a high, cold, mirthless laugh.Wormtails robes were shining with blood in a flash he had wrapped the stump of his arm in them.My Lord he choked, my Lordyou promisedyou did promiseHold out your arm, say Voldemort lazily.Oh winthank you, MasterHe extended the bleeding stump, but Voldemort laughed again.The other arm, Wormtail.Master, pleasepleaseVoldemort bent deal and pulled out Wormtails left arm he forced the subdivision of Wormtails robes up past his elbow, and Harry precept something upon the skin there, something like a vivid red tattoo a skull with a snake protruding from its rim the image that had appeared in the sky at the Quidditch creation Cup the unnoticeable Mark. Voldemort examined it carefully, ignoring Wormtails uncontrollable weeping.It is back, he tell softly, they result all have noticed itand now, we shall cracknow we shall knowHe pressed his long white forefinger to the brand on Wormtails arm.The scar on Harrys forehead seared with a exquisite pain again, and Wormtail let out a fresh howl Voldemort removed his fingers from Wormtails mark, and Harry saw that it had turned jet dreary.A look of cruel satisfaction on his face, Voldemort straightened up, threw back his head, and stared slightly at the dark graveyard.How many forget be brave enough to return when they feel it? he whispered, his gleaming red eyes fixed upon the stars. And how many will be foolish enough to stay away?He began to pace up and down sooner Harry and Wormtail, eyes sweeping the graveyard all the while. After a minute or so, he looked down at Harry again, a cruel grin twisting his snakelike face.You stand, Harry Potter, upon the remains of my late father, he hissed softly. A Muggle and a foolvery like your dear mother. besides they both had their uses, did they not? Your mother died to defend you as a childand I killed my father, and catch up with how useful he has proved himself, in death.Voldemort laughed again. Up and down he paced , looking all around him as he walked, and the snake continued to circle in the grass.You see that house upon the hillside, Potter? My father lived there. My mother, a mesmerize who lived here in this village, fell in love with him. But he abandoned her when she told him what she was.He didnt like magic, my fatherHe left her and returned to his Muggle parents before I was dismantle born. Potter, and she died giving birth to me, leaving me to be raised in a Muggle orphanagebut I vowed to find himI revenged myself upon him, that fool who gave me his name gobbler Riddle.Still he paced, his red eyes darting from grave to grave.Listen to me, reliving family history he state quietly, why, I am growing rather sentimental.But look, Harry My true family returns.The air was suddenly full of the swishing of cloaks. Between graves, behind the yew tree, in of all time soy shadowy space, wizards were Apparating. All of them were hooded and masked. And one by one they moved forwardslowly, cau tiously, as though they could hardly believe their eyes Voldemort stood in silence, waiting for them. hence one of the expiration Eaters fell to his knees, crawled toward Voldemort and kissed the hem of his black robes.MasterMaster he murmured.The Death Eaters behind him did the same each of them approaching Voldemort on his knees and kissing his robes, before backing away and standing up, forming a silent circle, which enclosed Tom Riddles grave, Harry, Voldemort, and the sobbing and twitching heap that was Wormtail. Yet they left gaps in the circle, as though waiting for more people. Voldemort, however, did not come along to expect more. He looked around at the hooded faces, and though there was no wind rustling seemed to run around the circle, as though it had shivered.Welcome, Death Eaters, said Voldemort quietly. thirteen yearsthirteen years since last we met. Yet you answer my call as though it were yesterday, we are still united under the Dark Mark, then Or are we?He put b ack his terrible face and sniffed, his slit-like nostrils widening.I smell guilt, he said. There is a stench or guilt upon the air.A guerrilla shiver ran around the circle, as though each member of it longed, but did not dare to step back from him.I see you all, whole and healthy, with your powers intact such prompt appearances and I ask myselfwhy did this band of wizards never come to the aid of their master, to whom they swore eternal loyalty?No one spoke. No one moved except Wormtail, who was upon the ground, still sobbing over his bleeding arm.And I answer myself, whispered Voldemort, they must have believed me broken, they prospect I was gone. They slipped back among my enemies, and they pleaded innocence, and ignorance, and bewitchment .And then I ask myself, but how could they have believed I would not rise again? They, who knew the steps I took, long ago, to guard myself against mortal death? They, who had seen proofs of the immensity of my power in the times when I was m ightier than any wizard living?And I answer myself, perhaps they believed a still greater power could exist, one that could vanquish even Lord Voldemortperhaps they now pay allegiance to anotherperhaps that champion of commoners, of Mudbloods and Muggles, Albus Dumbledore?At the mention of Dumbledores name, the members of the circle stirred, and some muttered and shook their heads. Voldemort ignored them.It is a disappointment to meI confess myself cross.One of the men suddenly flung himself forward, breaking the circle. frisson from head to foot, he collapsed at Voldemorts feet.Master he shrieked, Master, forgive me Forgive us allVoldemort began to laugh. He raised his wand.CrucioThe Death Eater on the ground writhed and shrieked Harry was sure the sound must carry to the houses around.Let the police come, he thought desperatelyanyoneanythingVoldemort raised his wand. The tortured Death Eater lay flat upon the ground, gasping.Get up, Avery, said Voldemort softly. Stand up. You as k for forgiveness? I do not forgive. I do not forget. Thirteen long yearsI want thirteen years repayment before I forgive you. Wormtail here has paid some of his debt already, have you not, Wormtail?He looked down at Wormtail, who continued to sob.You returned to me, not out of loyalty, but out of worship of your old sensations. You deserve this pain, Wormtail. You know that, dont you?Yes, Master, moaned Wormtail, please. MasterpleaseYet you boostered return me to my body, said Voldemort coolly, watching Wormtail sob on the ground. Worthless and traitorous as you are, you helped meand Lord Voldemort rewards his helpers.Voldemort raised his wand again and whirled it through the air. A streak of what looked like melted silver hung shining in the wands wake. Momentarily shapeless, it writhed and then formed itself into a gleaming replica of a human hand, bright as moonlight, which soared downward(prenominal) and fixed itself upon Wormtails bleeding wrist.Wormtails sobbing stopped abruptly. His breathing harsh and ragged, he raised his head and stared in disbelief at the silver hand, now habituated seamlessly to his arm, as though he were wearing a dazzling glove. He flexed the shining fingers, then, trembling, picked up a small twig on the ground and depleted it into powder.My Lord, he whispered. Masterit is beautifulthank youthank you.He scrambled forward on his knees and kissed the hem of Voldemorts robes.May your loyalty never waver again, Wormtail, said Voldemort.No, my Lordnever, my LordWormtail stood up and took his place in the circle, staring at his mesomorphic new hand, his face still shining with tears. Voldemort now approached the man on Wormtails right.Lucius, my slippery friend, he whispered, halting before him. I am told that you have not renounced the old ways, though to the world you present a respectable face. You are still ready to take the lead in a spot of Muggle-torture, I believe? Yet you never tried to find me, Lucius.Your exploits at the Quidditch World Cup were fun, I daresaybut might not your energies have been better directed toward finding and aiding your master?My Lord, I was constantly on the alert, came Lucius Malfoys function swiftly from beneath the hood. Had there been any sign from you, any whisper of your whereabouts, I would have been at your side immediately, zip could have prevented me -And yet you ran from my Mark, when a sure Death Eater sent it into the sky last summer? said Voldemort lazily, and Mr. Malfoy stopped talking abruptly. Yes, I know all about that, Lucius.You have disappointed me.I expect more faithful service in the future.Of course, my Lord, of course.You are merciful, thank you.Voldemort moved on, and stopped, staring at the space large enough for twain people that separated Malfoy and the next man.The Lestranges should stand here, said Voldemort quietly. But they are entombed in Azkaban. They were faithful. They went to Azkaban rather than renounce me.When Azkaban is br oken open, the Lestranges will be honored beyond their dreams. The dementors will join usthey are our natural allieswe will recall the banished giantsI shall have all my devoted servants returned to me, and an army of creatures whom all business organisation.He walked on. Some of the Death Eaters he passed in silence, but he paused before others and spoke to them.Macnairdestroying dangerous beasts for the Ministry of Magic now, Wormtail tells me? You shall have better victims than that soon, Macnair. Lord Voldemort will provide.Thank you, Masterthank you, murmured Macnair.And here Voldemort moved on to the two largest hooded figures we have Crabbeyou will do better this time, will you not, Crabbe? And you, Goyle?They bowed clumsily, talk dully.Yes, MasterWe will, Master.The same goes for you, Nott, said Voldemort quietly as he walked past a stooped figure in Mr. Goyles shadow.My Lord, I prostrate myself before you, I am your most faithful -That will do, said Voldemort.He had rea ched the largest gap of all, and he stood surveying it with his blank, red eyes, as though he could see people standing there.And here we have six missing Death Eatersthree dead in my service. One, too cowardly to returnhe will pay. One, who I believe has left me foreverhe will be killed, of courseand one, who remains my most faithful servant, and who has already reentered my service.The Death Eaters stirred, and Harry saw their eyes dart sideways at one another through their masks.He is at Hogwarts, that faithful servant, and it was through his efforts that our young friend arrived here tonight.Yes, said Voldemort, a grin curling his lipless mouth as the eyes of the circle flashed in Harrys direction. Harry Potter has kindly joined us for my rebirthing party. One might go so utmost as to call him my guest of honor.There was a silence. Then the Death Eater to the right of Wormtail stepped forward, and Lucius Malfoys voice spoke from under the mask.Master, we crave to knowwe beg yo u to tell ushow you have achieved thisthis miraclehow you managed to return to us.Ah, what a story it is, Lucius, said Voldemort. And it begins and ends with my young friend here.He walked lazily over to stand next to Harry, so that the eyes of the whole circle were upon the two of them. The snake continued to circle.You know, of course, that they have called this boy my tumble? Voldemort said softly, his red eyes upon Harry, whose scar began to burn so fiercely that he almost screamed in agony. You all know that on the night I lost my powers and my body, I tried to kill him. His mother died in the attempt to save him and unwittingly provided him with a resistance I give up I had not foreseen.I could not touch the boy.Voldemort raised one of his long white fingers and put it very close to Harrys cheek.His mother left upon him the traces other sacrifice.This is old magic, I should have remembered it, I was foolish to overlook itbut no matter. I can touch him now.Harry felt the cold tip of the long white finger touch him, and thought his head would burst with the pain. Voldemort laughed softly in his ear, then took the finger away and continued addressing the Death Eaters.I miscalculated, my friends, I admit it. My curse was deflected by the womans foolish sacrifice, and it rebounded upon myself. Aaahpain beyond pain, my friends nothing could have prepared me for it. I was ripped from my body, I was less than spirit, less than the meanest ghostbut still, I was alive. What I was, even I do not knowI, who have gone further than anybody along the path that leads to immortality. You know my goal to conquer death. And now, I was tested, and it appeared that one or more of my experiments had workedfor I had not been killed, though the curse should have done it. Nevertheless, I was as powerless as the weakest creature alive, and without the style to help myselffor I had no body, and every spell that might have helped me required the use of a wand.I remember onl y forcing myself, sleeplessly, endlessly, second by second, to exist.I settled in a faraway place, in a quality, and I waited.Surely, one of my faithful Death Eaters would try and find meone of them would come and perform the magic I could not, to restore me to a body, but I waited in vain.The shiver ran once more around the circle of listening Death Eaters. Voldemort let the silence spiral horribly before continuing.Only one power remained to me. I could have the bodies of others. But I dared not go where other humans were plentiful, for I knew that the Aurors were still abroad and searching for me.I sometimes inhabited animals snakes, of course, being my preference but I was little better off inside them than as pure spirit, for their bodies were ill adapted to perform magicand my possession of them shortened their lives none of them lasted long.Thenfour years agothe means for my return seemed assured. A wizard young, foolish, and gullible wandered across my path in the fore st I had made my home. Oh, he seemed the very chance I had been dreaming offor he was a teacher at Dumbledores schoolhe was easy to bend to my willhe brought me back to this country, and after a while, I took possession of his body, to supervise him closely as he carried out my orders. But my plan failed. I did not manage to sneak the Sorcerers Stone. I was not to be assured immortal life. I was thwartedthwarted, once again, by Harry Potter.Silence once more nothing was stirring, not even the leaves on the yew tree. The Death Eaters were quite motionless, the glittering eyes in their masks fixed upon Voldemort, and upon Harry.The servant died when I left his body, and I was left as weak as ever I had been, Voldemort continued. I returned to my hiding place far away, and I will not pretend to you that I didnt then fear that I might never regain my powers.Yes, that was perhaps my darkest hourI could not hope that I would be sent another wizard to possessand I had given up hope, now, that any of my Death Eaters cared what had become of me.One or two of the masked wizards in the circle moved uncomfortably, but Voldemort took no notice.And then, not even a year ago, when I had almost abandoned hope, it happened at lasta servant returned to me. Wormtail here, who had faked his own death to escape justice, was determined out of hiding by those he had once counted friends, and decided to return to his master. He sought me in the country where it had long been rumored I was hidinghelped, of course, by the rats he met along the way. Wormtail has a curious affinity with rats, do you not, Wormtail? His filthy little friends told him there was a place, deep in an Albanian forest, that they avoided, where small animals like themselves had met their deaths by a dark shadow that possessed them.But his journey back to me was not smooth, was it, Wormtail? For, hungry one night, on the edge of the very forest where he had hoped to find me, he foolishly stopped at an inn for so me foodand who should he meet there, but one Bertha Jorkins, a witch from the Ministry of Magic.Now see the way that fate favors Lord Voldemort. This might have been the end of Wormtail, and of my last hope for regeneration. But Wormtail displaying a presence of mind I would never have expected from him convinced Bertha Jorkins to accompany him on a nighttime stroll. He overpowered herhe brought her to me. And Bertha Jorkins, who might have ruined all, proved rather to be a gift beyond my wildest dreamsfor with a little persuasion she became a veritable mine of information.She told me that the Triwizard Tournament would be played at Hogwarts this year. She told me that she knew of a faithful Death Eater who would be only too willing to help me, if I could only contact him. She told me many thingsbut the means I used to break the Memory Charm upon her were powerful, and when I had extracted all useful information from her, her mind and body were both damaged beyond repair. She h ad now served her purpose. I could not possess her. I disposed of her.Voldemort smiled his terrible smile, his red eyes blank and pitiless.Wormtails body, of course, was ill adapted for possession, as all assumed him dead, and would attract far too much attention if noticed. However, he was the able-bodied servant I needed, and, poor wizard though he is, Wormtail was able to follow the instructions I gave him, which would return me to a rudimentary, weak body of my own, a body I would be able to inhabit while awaiting the essential ingredients for true rebirtha spell or two of my own inventiona little help from my dear Nagini, Voldemorts red eyes fell upon the continually circling snake, a potion concocted from unicorn blood, and the snake venom Nagini providedI was soon returned to an almost human form, and strong enough to travel.There was no hope of stealing the Sorcerers Stone anymore, for I knew that Dumbledore would have seen to it that it was destroyed. But I was willing to e mbrace mortal life again, before chasing immortality. I set my sights lowerI would settle for my old body back again, and my old strength.I knew that to achieve this it is an old piece of Dark Magic, the potion that revived me tonight I would need three powerful ingredients. Well, one of them was already at hand, was it not, Wormtail? general anatomy given by a servant.My fathers bone, naturally, meant that we would have to come here, where he was buried. But the blood of a foeWormtail would have had me use any wizard, would you not, Wormtail? whatever wizard who had hated meas so many of them still do. But I knew the one I must use, if I was to rise again, more powerful than I had been when I had fallen. I wanted Harry Potters blood. I wanted the blood of the one who had stripped me of power thirteen years agofor the inactive protection his mother once gave him would then reside in my veins too.But how to get at Harry Potter? For he has been better protect than I think even h e knows, protected in ways devised by Dumbledore long ago, when it fell to him to arrange the boys future. Dumbledore invoked an ancient magic, to ensure the boys protection as long as he is in his relations care. Not even I can touch him there.Then, of course, there was the Quidditch World Cup.I thought his protection might be weaker there, away from his relations and Dumbledore, but I was not yet strong enough to attempt kidnap in the midst of a horde of Ministry wizards. And then, the boy would return to Hogwarts, where he is under the crooked nose of that Muggle-loving fool from morning until night. So how could I take him?Whyby exploitation Bertha Jorkinss information, of course. Use my one faithful Death Eater, stationed at Hogwarts, to ensure that the boys name was entered into the Goblet of Fire. Use my Death Eater to ensure that the boy won the tourney that he touched the Triwizard Cup first the cup which my Death Eater had turned into a Portkey, which would bring him he re, beyond the reach of Dumbledores help and protection, and into my waiting arms. And here he isthe boy you all believed had been my downfall.Voldemort moved slowly forward and turned to face Harry. He raised his wand.CrucioIt was pain beyond anything Harry had ever experienced his very bones were on fire his head was surely splitting along his scar his eyes were rolling madly in his head he wanted it to endto black outto dieAnd then it was gone. He was hanging limply in the ropes binding him to the headstone of Voldemorts father, looking up into those bright red eyes through a kind of mist. The night was ringing with the sound of the Death Eaters laughter.You see, I think, how foolish it was to suppose that this boy could ever have been stronger than me, said Voldemort. But I want there to be no mistake in anybodys mind. Harry Potter escaped me by a lucky chance. And I am now going to prove my power by killing him, here and now, in front of you all, when there is no Dumbledore to help him, and no mother to die for him. I will give him his chance. He will be allowed to fight, and you will be left in no uncertainness which of us is the stronger. Just a little longer, Nagini, he whispered, and the snake glided away through the grass to where the Death Eaters stood watching.Now untie him, Wormtail, and give him back his wand.

President Nixon & Jumpology Essay

One of the other novel contributions was the series of jump pictures where his clients, including the likes of President Nixon, Marilyn Monroe, Duke and Duchess of Winsor jumped for him. Halsman always believed that the jumps revealed more realistically the latent idiosyncrasies of the personality of his clients. (Merryman, 2002) The ideation of this particular bright genre had, of course, its offshoot in Halsmans photography of the animated antics of many of the noted comedians like Sid Caesar, Bob Hope, Groucho Marx who were captured in his film.Halsman could readily realize that, contrasted with their more handed-down portraits, the characters came out in full life and vigor when they jumped. To quote Halsman When you ask a person to jump, his attention is mostly directed toward the act of jumping and the secrete falls so that the real person appears. (Halsman, 1986) Incidentally his published book 1959 titled Philippe Halsman Jump book is replete with 178 photographs of numer ous celebrities jumpers, interwoven with hilarious sermon on jumpology.(Halsman, 1986) linnilabelled. wordpress. com/2007/10/06/philippe-halsman-the-father-of-jumpology/ http//astadnik. file. wordpress. com/2008/04/bb2. jpg Halsmans jumpology created a genre in photography which moved and inspired a lot of people, professional and otherwise. Philippe Halsman Fritz Gruber (Writer) and the Crew Jumping on Set profile. myspace. com/index. cfm? fuseaction=userIn 1958, to recognise his contribution Halsman was included in Popular Photographys Worlds Ten Greatest Photographers along with Irving Penn, Richard Avedon, Ansel Adams, Henri Cartier-Bresson, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Ernst Haas, Yousuf Karsh, Gjon Mili, and Eugene Smith. American Society of Magazine Photographers gave him the Life Achievement in Photography Award in 1975. Halsman believed that his career matured and his art came to fruition in his take country, America. He thus made America, the subject of his works in myriad ways.O ne review noted Halsmans unsanctimonious and immensely intense portrayal of American bounce. When we look back in time at the works and contribution of Philippe Halsman, we see the discovery or even invention of a nation as seen by an artist through the lens of his camera which took into account not only imagination but also the psychology of the country and its people. His images form a vivid portrayal of prosperous American of the mid 20th century. In that respect his adopted country became his creation.

Working in partnership with others in education

Mary Warnock emphasized on the magnificence of placing the assorted forms of disablements frequently leads to different sorts of crabby educational demands. She points out that autistic spectrum differs from other childhood conditions and affect an unusual manner of verbalize the societal universe and the form of development ( Cigman, 2007 ) . The Particular educational Needs codification of Practice devotes a chapter to p arnts saying working in failnership with p arnts which portray how LEAs and schools should lynchpin up parents during statutory estimation. Parents must be wholeowed to educate portion in the determination devising procedure when bespeaking a statutory appraisal ( DfES, 2001 ) .The Education toy ( 1996 ) suggests that LEAs pass the duties in run intoing the particular educational demands of nippers. This procedure begins when a referral is issued to the LEA bespeaking a statutory appraisal in order to adjust how to run into the demands of kids with p articular demands. This procedure collide withs near 26 hebdomads to be carried out and completed. However, if the Local Authorities disagrees with the referral or petition, parents have the legal right to appeal to the Particular Educational Needs Tribunal ( SENT ) , ( Farrell, 1997 ) .There are assorted jobs and issues that parents experience when seeking educational aid for their kids with particular demands. First, the pinch frame for an entreaty to be accepted and acknowledged by the courts takes about sise hebdomads. As a consequence of the long waiting period, parents frequently become stressed and defeated. Sometimes the procedure period is excessively long therefore grown rise to other terrible jobs, such as diagnosing and intervention for illustration if a kid is diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) at a certain age ( 0-16 ) but at 17 old ages the diagnosing will be classified as something else. Conduct upset is an illustration. Applying r espectively for a statutory appraisal can be really nerve-racking for parents a long waiting game and parents may get down to lose assurance in the system ( Cowne, 1996 ) .A In most instances parents find it hard to acquire the procedure started, holding to fight to acquire their kid assessed ( Taylor, 2003 ) .AThe Education Act ( 1996 ) states that it is the LEA s duty to organize the demands to run into a kid s demands as have been identified by the statutory appraisal and underlined in the statement.A In treatments held by the inspect Commission with parents, the bulk agreed that whenever the school failed to mention their kid for an appraisal, they found it thwarting and nerve-racking. A parent in unpaired commented I found it hard to get down the procedure . I had to implore ( Taylor, 2003 ) . Some parents felt there is a immense hold in get downing the procedure whereas others experience clip troubles whilst the procedure begins.A The House of Commons ( 2006 ) reports that there is a great concern in the length of clip it takes to measure and treat a statement this in its ain right can hold terrible effects on a kid s instruction.Lack of parental partnership anyhow seemed to hold posed jobs for parents while seeking educational support for their SEN kids. Throughout appraisal of particular demands proviso, parents have a right to take part to the full, nevertheless they can merely make so if appropriate information about the system and procedure they are prosecuting in are give to them.It besides helps if the professionals genuinely listen to the parents. Whitaker s research ( 2007 ) ascertain issues for parents of kids with Autistic Spectrum Disorders ( ASD ) in mainstream schools and found that parental partnerships were the beginning of many dissatisf challenge. He states that Parents placed a high value on the willingness of school staff to listen and take earnestly any concerns that they may hold about their kid s experiences and advanc ement. Conversely afailure to take parental concerns earnestly was a powerful cause of dissatisfaction peculiarly where parents felt they were seen as needlessly crabbed. ( Wall, 2003 ) Parents do go vulnerable and stressed if they are sing troubles in obtaining adequate information and support from schools and Local Authorities.( Robson, 1989 ) declared that a successful partnership is ground on equality, whereby each spouse recognises and benefits from the endowments, accomplishments expertness and cognition of the other. At times one spouse may follow a comparatively inactive function, in other state of affairss a more active function. The Lamb Inquiry ( DCSF, 2009 ) besides highlighted that parents preponderantly wanted a system that worked for them and their kids Parents have told us that good, expert and unfastened communicating is the most indispensable component for constructing assurance and good relationships. Face to confront communicating with parents and handling t hem as equal spouses with expertness is decisive to set uping and prolonging assurance ( Wall, 2003 ) . This clearly shows how hapless communicating between schools and Local governments can be strenuous for parents.In an article a parent shared her ambitious experiences in having appropriate educational support for her 11yr old male child. Christine Grainger, a female parent from Surrey, says voyaging the system on behalf of kids with particular demands is hard and time-consuming. Christine s 11-year-old boy Dean, has dyslexia, dyspraxia and attention-deficit hyperactivity upset ( ADHD ) and she had a conflict to acquire the specializer learning he needed. Christine says she is disillusioned with the system. At the terminal of his response twelvemonth, she was told Dean had jobs and was being set on the SEN registry. When he was finally given a statement stating he needed 20 hours of support, Christine was told the school did non hold the specialist staff required to back up him and was asked to happen a different school First of all Dean did nt desire to go forth his school because he d do some particular friends and it was besides hard seeking to happen a school that would run into all of Dean s demands We found we could nt merely take him to any school, I had to seek and happen a school that would accept him with all the jobs that he s got ( Tomlinson, 1981 ) . Inclusion has been identified as one of the important issues that parents find unsatisfactory. It is of import because it affects kids with and without disablements. Harmonizing to Taylor ( 2003 ) the issue debated in 1970 s, was whether handicapped kids learn best in incorporate or unintegrated categories.Conversely some parents felt that they were given excessively much information and non adequate clip to determine. Most parent did nt understand what the information meant in English experiencing bombarded ( Taylor, 2003 ) . It is said that it is the Local Authority ( LA ) responsibiliti es to guarantee that a proposed statement is sent out to parents no subsequently than 12 hebdomads after the statutory appraisal Begin. The statement consists of six subdivisions in which parents find it difficult to understand what it all entails ( Cigman, 2007 ) . Problems persist even once the statement has been issued. Most parents found out that their kids had received a statement but failed to understand what each subdivision was approximately. One parent stated that she will be maintaining an oculus on the school to guarantee that the kid s statement is followed with ( Taylor, 2003 ) .The most hard job that parents come across is acquiring their kid assessed, particularly if the kid was referred by the school. When a parent realizes that their kid seems to be sing troubles whilst acquisition, parents should first reach the school.A If the school agrees that there might be jobs, with the parents consent they will register the kid on the school action /school action plus do cket. These are intercession plans that assist kids with educational demands to make the set marks in class.A If parents find these plan unsuitable for their kids s demands referral for a statutory appraisal is otherwise available.A Merely a parent, the school, wellness authorization or societal services section is allowed to bespeak statutory assessment.A It is ever advisable that parents should pop the question the school foremost. However, some parents have problem speaking to their kid s school because the school wo nt accept that kid has particular educational demands ( Moore, 2004 ) . There is a procedure that parents has to follow when seeking appraisal for their kid. Wolfendale introduced a instance survey scenario, where the parents approached the educational psychologist when they came to the school for a everyday visit, they found that the school had neer sensible the psychologist about their kid ( Bell, 2003 )In fortunes where parents and school do non hold, a parent may near the Local Authorities ( LA ) independently. However, the LA may be loath to get down the procedure for fiscal grounds. The Audit Commission wrote a study Statutory appraisal and statements of SEN in demand of reappraisal? the Audit Commission looks at public money and the best manner to utilize it.A It writes that the demands for statements are lifting and statements are intended for kids with higher degrees of demand based on a statutory appraisal ( IPSEA, 2001 ) . Geting a statutory appraisal is cost effectual and may non help the kid s demand, this is why it is difficult to acquire LA to hold to the referral, if you do nt measure the demand how can you find what is required to run into it ( IPSEA, 2001 ) .A The lone path to acquiring a statement is through an appraisal the statement guarantees that the kid s particular educational demands will be met.AThere is besides the issue of the kid s part they excessively have a part to do in their appraisal and the type of intercession programme that will profit them. The kids act ( 1989 ) and the Child Care Act ( 2006 ) supports the importance of listening to the kid which is besides echoed in the codification of pattern ( DfES ) , 2001. ) This is an of import consideration as it is frequently presumed that really immature kids and particularly those with particular demands are in fitted of lending to discussion sing their instruction and acquisition, when in world they have valid sentiments and part to do which can inform parents, practicians and pattern. If kids are capable of lending to the procedure of appraisal so their positions should be valued and respected.Inequality is another facet that generates troubles for parents. It might be the instance that particular educational demands parents do non have the same intervention in comparing with the parents of normal mainstream pupils. One of the statements put frontward by those in favor of educational inclusion for all SEN kids is that such kids benefit from the societal life in a mainstream school and from the function theoretical accounts provided by typically developing kids ( Cigman, 2007 ) .There are more concerns about SEN kids than those who are considered normal, because of their forte, greater accent is placed on their educational development, as such parents with SEN kids are faced with more challenges than parents who have normal kids.Inclusion is besides a challenge faced by parents with particular kids. This is due to the fact that, particular kids do non work as the normal kids in the same schoolroom scene. There is the job of puting suited acquisition challenges, reacting to pupils diverse acquisition demands and get the better ofing possible barriers to larning and appraisal for persons and groups of students ( Farrell, 1997 ) ..In decision, it is apparent that the jobs and issues that parents encounter in determine educational support for their kids with SEN are many and continues to blossom as new diagno sing are made. It is really clear that the statutory appraisal which is of paramount importance is the really hard and disputing for parents. Many times parents are non given a opportunity to hold an input or do a positive part towards their kid.

Is the Panama Canal Sustainable?

The bluejacket Canal was completed in 1914 by the United States. The 51 mile long route cuts through Panama at the narrowest point between North and South America to connect the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Panama is in Central America between Columbia and Costa Rica.The Panama CanalThe fuckal was built to and save ships from Europe and Africa going the entire right smart around the bottom tip of South America (the red route on the map), to reach western Asia. The fecal matteral cuts through Panama and allows most ships to good-bye through it so save on cost and time (the green route on the map). By building this canal, shipping has been given an enormous advantage, as ships no longer attain to sail around the tip of South America to reach either ocean and sailing time is drastically reduced. canvas the natural environmentThe climate in Panama is hot and humid, with a prolonged rainy season (May to January) and a short dry season (January to May). The contributions domin ion daily temperature is 26 degrees Celsius and varies little throughout the year, perhaps 2-3 degrees. During the evening hours, however, the temperatures change more considerably, and can fluctuate as a great deal as 6-10 degrees Celsius. There is a climate graph below showing the climatic conditions in Panama.Climate, rain and humidity graphs for PanamaThis graph shows that the rainy season does last from May to January and month with the broad(prenominal)est rainfall in November with 569mm and the lowest rainfall in February with about 40mm of rain. This graph likewise shows that the average temperature throughout the year is around 26 degrees. There is very(prenominal) little seasonal variation in temperature but there atomic number 18 large seasonal fluctuations in rainfall. The humidity chart shows that the humidity is also high throughout the year, peaking between June and November, but only varying by 9% over the whole year. So between June and November, there is hig h humidity, high rainfall and on average, only 5 hours of sunshine a day as apposed to the 8 or 9 hours from January to April.A Sketch map of the panama regionThis map shows the rainforest and where the locks and the reservoirs are located. Man has had to create these reservoirs for the canal to function properly, meaning man has modified the drainage welkin. In order to make the reservoirs, much of the land has had to be flooded, rainforests and find outtlements also. This meant that many habitats were destroyed and many animals would have died as a result. Not only this, but substantial amounts of rainforest would have had to have been destroyed, that lay in the canal path and where the afore mentioned reservoirs are, again destroying habitats and killing animals.Along the route of the canal there is a series of 3 sets of locks that lower and posit the ships on their way to and from Atlantic and Pacific oceans. These locks are called the Gatun, Pedro Miguel and the Mira Flores locks.At Gatun there are 2 parallel sets of locks each consisting of 3 flights. This set of locks lift ships a total of 26 metres. The locks are constructed from concrete. More than 1.53 jillion cubic metres of concrete were used in the construction of the Gatun locks alone. The smallest set of locks along the Panama Canal are at Pedro Miguel and have one flight which raise or lower ships 10 metres. The Mira Flores locks have two flights with a combined lift or the right way of 16.5 metres.Investigating the Social EnvironmentPanama City is the largest city in panama. Its metropolitan area contains nearly one third of the nations inhabitants, about 1 million heap. From 1980 to 1990 the citys population grew from 386,300 to 413,000. After 1990 the population again grew rapidly, increasing to 688,927. The city cannot cope with such rapid growth and there isnt enough accommodation for the whole population, so shantytowns start appearing, these are clusters of shacks, which the dea l build themselves. They make their houses out of anything they can find, corrugated iron, tyres and the like.These shantytowns accommodate only the poorest of the population as the richer citizens can afford the higher(prenominal) house prices in the city. This rapid urbanisation and the development of the shantytowns makes Panama City much more polluted. The shantytowns sprawl out from the City centre and start to jimmy on the rainforests, then posing an ecological threat and threatening the sustainability of the Panama Canal.Urbanisation levelThis graph shows the percentage of urbanisation over the past 15 years and the predicted levels of the next 20 years. According to this graph urbanization is set to increase steadily over the next 25 years.The Panamanian government are moving people into the rainforest to give them a chance to rebuild lives and to escape the mass urbanisation and unhygienic conditions of the shantytowns. This relieves the congestion in the city and gives pe ople new opportunities.Investigating the Economic EnvironmentThe Panama Canal is generating a lot of money for the people of Panama it is not only a stiff business and a power source, but a tourist attraction too. Many visitors come to visit the canal and bring a lot of revenue enhancement into the area, encouraging businesses to grow and prosper. The ships must pay over 15 hundred dollars to use the canal, so this brings a lot of revenue into the area.The Panama Canal can make the quality of life increase on one hand, but decrease on the other. The Canal brings a lot of revenue into the area although it can divide the social classes. The Canal creates a richer class, which are the people that profit from the canal, who continue to get richer as the canal brings in more and more money and a poorer class, as they have to move into the rainforest and live off the land with little or no money. It could also introduce crime into the area as the canal creates richer areas, with more va luable things in it, and with the poorer people living close by in the shantytowns, it is an open invitation for crime.If the Canal had to close, Panama would economically beat immensely. Its main source of income would have dried up and the countrys wealth would go down dramatically as a result. The shipping companies that use the canal would also suffer incalculably as their ships would have to sail around the tip of South America to reach the eastern world. Panama would have massive problems then with urbanisation, as people would flock to the city in hope of jobs, therefore the shantytowns go forth rapidly increase in size, posing new problems to the city. The Canal and its reservoirs supply 700 000 people with fresh piss. If the reservoirs cease to operate, then these peoples water supply will be cut off.EvaluationIf the Panamanian rainforest is cut down too much, the consequences will be dire. The canal will not be able to function properly as there will not be enough water in the reservoirs to sustain the canal. The trees roots hold together the soil so if the trees are cut down during deforestation, then the soil becomes loose and with the huge amounts of rain that the area receives much of the soil will be washed away, into the reservoirs that feed the canal. If vast amounts of soil wash into the reservoirs then the soil occupies some of the volume of the reservoir, volume that could have been taken up by water.This means that the reservoirs cannot hold as much water as they were designed to hold. As the canal relies solely upon these reservoirs, depletion in the amount of water the reservoir could take would harm the canals efficiency as every ship that travels through the canal takes with it an immense amount of water so there would not be the water available to work the canal, ultimately ensuring the closure of the waterway.SolutionsThe water in the lakes has been going down because of deforestation. The government have do a new organic law tha t allows the government to have the final say for any projects in the watershed zone. Three million dollars is being set aside to combat any environmental plans and satellite imaging is being set up so the government can view the area on a much larger scale and can see the real extent of the damage. This should enable the government to act quickly if they can see a potential threat. The Government must also regulate urbanisation as a spread of Panama Citys unplanned, chaotic urbanization into the watershed would spell chance for the canal, electricity supplies, and clean drinking water.However, the government are not perhaps taking the issue as seriously as they should be. In 1995, the government gave consent for a four-lane road to be built in the lower catchment of the watershed, ploughing straight through the national park. The Panama Canal can be sustainable if the correct precautions are taken to ensure that urbanisation and deforestation do not increase any more, otherwise, they will spiral out of subordination and the panama canal will have to close, ending many, many businesses in the local area and around the world.

Gatsby Expository Paragraph

His love for Daisy took him far out of verity and turned him into a temporary zombie. The imagery of foul dust rudderless shows that Gatsby love for Daisy is a parasite in his mind and t hat the dust is pointless, like his love for Daisy. Daisy truly takes Gatsby external from his current t res publica of mind, when he thinks of her thats all he can focus on. Also, afterward Gatsby has given N kick and Daisy a tour of his house, he describes Gatsby)ads doubtful expression and how that eventide en Daisy tumbled short of his dreams (95).This shows that Gatsby idea of Daisy maybe even more powerful than the reality of the situation. Having committed so much time to Daisy, any thing that waterfall short of his perfect outcome with her will let hurt him very emotionally in a b ad place. This shows how Gatsby visions of Daisy take him out of reality and make his dread ms unachievable. When Gatsby is thinking about Daisy, he is taken out of reality because his ex peculations of this e xtraordinary life with her are not realistic.Right after Gatsby party when In k describes Gatsby as reminiscent and talked a lot about the past and that he wanted t o recover whatsoeverthing, some idea of himself perhaps, that had gone into loving Daisy/ (1 1 0). This goes back to how unachievable something in the past is, it was already over and cannot be changed. Also, Gatsby/s idealism is taking him away from reality and its implying that part of Gatsby past has been wasted on an unrealistic situation of Daisy and Gatsby being together, w hen Daisy already was with Tom.

Anxiety of High School Students Essay

1.1IntroductionAnxiety is a general term for several dis rescripts that cause nervousness, aid, apprehension, and worrying. These disorders affect how we feel and behave, and they can manifest real fleshly symptoms. Mild anxiety is vague and unsettling, while severe anxiety can be extremely debilitating, having a serious impact on day-by-day life sentence. People often experience a general invoke of worry or fear before confronting something challenging such as a test, examination, recital, or interview. These feelings be easily justified and considered normal. Anxiety is considered a problem when symptoms interfere with a persons capacity to sleep or otherwise function. Anxiety occurs when a re do is out of proportion with what might be normally expected in a situation. Anxiety disorders can be classified into several to a greater extent item attri howeveres.The most mutual argon briefly described below. Generalized Anxiety Disorder ( prod) is a chronic disorder characte rized by spendthrift, long-lasting anxiety and worry about nonspecific life events, objects, and situations. GAD sufferers often feel afraid and worry about health, m wizy, family, work, or school, but they have trouble both(prenominal) identifying the specific fear and controlling the worries. Their fear is usually unrealistic or out of proportion with what whitethorn be expected in their situation. Sufferers expect failure and disaster to the point that it interferes with daily functions like work, school, friendly activities, and relationships. Panic Disorder is a type of anxiety characterized by brief or sudden attacks of glowing terror and apprehension that exserts to shaking, confusion, dizziness, nausea, and difficulty breathing.Panic attacks tend to arise abruptly and peak after 10 minutes, but they then may last for hours. Panic disorders usually occur after frightening experiences or prolonged stress, but they can be spontaneous as well. A panic attack may lead an in dividual to be acutely aw are of any change in normal automobile trunk function, interpreting it as a life threatening illness hypervigiliance followed by hypochondriasis. In addition, panic attacks lead a sufferer to expect future attacks, which may cause drastic doingsal changes in order to avoid these attacks. A Phobia is an irrational fear and avoidance of an object or situation. Phobias are antithetical from generalized anxiety disorders because a phobia has a fearreaction identified with a specific cause. The fear may be acknowledged as irrational or unnecessary, but the person is appease unable to control the anxiety that results. Stimuli for phobia may be as varied as situations, animals, or everyday objects.Look more problem cause solution speech outline essayFor example, agoraphobia occurs when one avoids a place or situation to avoid an anxiety or panic attack. Agoraphobics will pay back themselves so that escape will not be difficult or embarrassing, and they will change their behavior to reduce anxiety about being able to escape. Social Anxiety Disorder is a type of social phobia characterized by a fear of being negatively judged by others or a fear of public embarrassment due to impulsive actions. This includes feelings such as stage fright, a fear of intimacy, and a fear of humiliation. This disorder can cause people to avoid public situations and human touch sensation to the point that normal life is rendered impossible.Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by thoughts or actions that are repetitive, distressing, and intrusive. OCD suffers usually know that their compulsions are unreasonable or irrational, but they serve to alleviate their anxiety. Often, the logic of somebody with OCD will appear superstitious, such as an insistence in walking in a original pattern. OCD sufferers may obsessively clean personal items or hands or constantly check locks, stoves, or light switches.Post-traumatic Stress Di sorder (PTSD) is anxiety that results from previous trauma such as military combat, rape, warrantor situations, or a serious accident. PTSD often leads to flashbacks and behavioral changes in order to avoid trustworthy(a) stimuli. Separation Anxiety Disorder is characterized by richly levels of anxiety when separated from a person or place that provides feelings of security or safety. Sometimes separation results in panic, and it is considered a disorder when the response is excessive or inappropriate.1.2 Background of the StudyAnxiety is an unpleasant emotion experienced as dread, scare, alarm, fright, trepidation, worry, and uneasiness, which triggers mechanism for self-regulation strategies that hurry performance (Schultz and Davis, 2000). Minimal amount of anxiety can mobilize human beings to respond rapidly and efficiently, but excessive amount of anxiety may foster poor response and sometimes inhibit response (Simpson et al., 1995). The quantityof anxiety experienced by t he learner and the negative effects of it on their academic act are one of the major reasons for educators to be concerned about (Price 1991, and Clement 1997).Anxiety is a common symptom found in varied population especially among students. Researchers have focused on the bureau of anxiety in their attempt to understand these difficulties. Anxiety difficulties in certain students may be tie in to motivatingal orientation and the lack of effective study skills and test-taking skills. These students may not utilize cognitive, metacognitive, and self-regulated learning strategies effectively. Therefore, for these students, anxiety becomes an issue during course instructions and academic performance suffers.Educators are perceived to have enormous depute and responsibility in helping the students reach their career goals. They play a very important persona in making the learners realize their full potentials by helping them overcome the various obstacles they encounter in the pr ocess. The experience of anxiety seems to be inescapable in the phenomenological-existential world of these learners. Hence, an imperative need is felt by the researchers to further investigate this problem about anxiety.The present study is relegated to the high school students in a public Secondary Education Institution in Manila. The respondents chosen for the study were from the Polytechnic University of the Philippines Laboratory risque School. Curriculum on this institution imposes a student to strive for academic excellence because of high standards and policies for grades. The agenda for these students is very demanding and requires attendance in class, laboratory work, six days a week along with daily homework. Frequent testing of students is necessary throughout the program for evaluation of progress in mastering content. Students sing and exhibit a great deal of anxiety regarding examinations, practicum, projects and other requirements.This study on the anxiety of high school students of Polytechnic University of the Philippines Laboratory High School is conducted to provide baseline data for the guidance and steering department to plan and map relevantintervention programs to address this specific concern of the recipient students. The findings poised by this study can be of great help to the students, educators, parents, and the school administrators of the institution in arriving at solutions to the problem of anxiety among learners.1.3 Theoretical FrameworkThis study is anchored on the theory of Sigmund Freud (Freud, as cited by Fiest & Fiest, seventh Edition). He emphasized that anxiety is a felt, affective, unpleasant order accompanied by a forcible sensation that warns the person against impending danger. The unpleasantness is often vague and hard to pinpoint but the anxiety itself is endlessly felt. In one point of hid theory, he indicated that anxiety is a signal from the ego about a real (existing) or potential danger (Theories of A nxiety, Strongman, 1995). This study is also concerned o how anxiety touch to physical state of the students. In connection with this, researchers shall explore the physiological and neurological theories of anxiety. They account for anxiety as involving particular parts of The rally Nervous System, with addition of general arousal and their overt effect on the body, like perspiration and fast heart beat. According to the biological theory, the GABA system is responsible for the motivation of fear and anxiety.GABA is known as Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid, it is a naturally occurring transmitter inhibitor. It is a pith in the body which helps us to maintain an optimal flow of stimulation or information thereby reducing the flow of neural transmission. There are GABA receptor sites which the GABA will defend and produce the effects mentioned previously. The ability to fix is not fixed, and is dependent on the presence of benzodiapines. This benzodiapines are anti-anxiety drugs such a s Valium, Librium, and Alprazolam, which help regulate neural transmissions.The body naturally produces this chemical, but it has not yet been isolated. When the benzodiapines bind to the sites, it increases the ability of GABA to bind to its own receptor sites (Tallman et al., 1980). The GABA receptors then trigger the opening of Chloride take which leads to a decrease in the firing rate of critical neurons in many parts of the Central Nervous System. Those who experience more anxiety than others (high level of anxiety), fail to produce or releasebenzodiapines which are necessary for the amount of GABA needed to regulate neural transmission.This study wants to determine the level of state anxiety, the level of trait anxiety and the students perception of situational threat. State anxiety, like kinetic energy, refers to transparent reaction or process taking place at given time and level of vividness (Batoc, 2011). Its intensity is expected to be in high in circumstances perceive d as a threatening and low in non-stressful situations. While trait anxiety, like potential energy, refers to individual differences in reactions (Batoc, 2011). It implies differences betwixt people in the disposition to respond to stressful situations with varying amounts of state anxiety (Spielberg, 1982).The State-Trait Anxiety possibleness which was developed by Spielberg gives the foundation for identifying the different psychological construct properties of state anxiety and trait anxiety, and for categorizing the different variables in studying anxiety. He postulated the State and Trait Anxiety are analogous in certain respect to kinetic and potential energy (Spielberg. 1985). While in Cognitive Perspective, loss of control and softness to make a coping response are two main focuses.Loss of control refers to a situation when there are unpredictable or uncontrollable events in ones life which lead to anxiety and/or depression. As a result, feelings of helplessness develop. The unpredictability which may be associated with a task may cause anxiety (Seligman, 1975). The inability or perceived inability to make an adjustive response to a threatening event or the fact or perception that no such response is available will lead to feelings of anxiety. Since anxiety is very ambiguous, it is the key which prevents the elaboration of clear action patterns to handle the situation effectively (Lazarus, 1991).

Cowgirl Chocolates

Cowgirl Chocolates Case theme 1. What are some of the critical strengths and weaknesses of Cowgirl Chocolates that determine the success of this small agate line? Can the weaknesses be deluge by the strengths of the business? Some of the critical strengths of Cowgirl Chocolates that determine the success of this small business include produce differentiation, quality, flexible return policy, and personalization. Cowgirl Chocolates is very modern creation since it meets the needs of a specific market of mettlesome and chocolate fans by combining both cayenne, a spice, and chocolate, a sweetener.The business also is known for using indemnity ingredients in all of the chocolates it offers. The business not only offers a flexible return policy, which gives customers a full refund guarantee if they end up disliking the red- impetuous truffles but also facilitates trial purchases for customers elicit in the spicy chocolates. The company also routines personal notes in the Web s ite societys in order to build customer satisfaction. Some of the critical weaknesses of Cowgirl Chocolates include having a high mathematical production cost, not having a tailored mission statement for this specific business, and lacking focus.Cowgirl Chocolates has to manufacture a lot of money for the package, ingredients, and buy the farm expenses to make the ardent caramel dessert sauce. The business also is unfocused because of weak distribution, there is no product definition or market research, and the target market is frankincense dispersed due to not having a properly defined consumer base. Yes, the weaknesses can be overcome by the strengths of the business if the business spends clipping focusing on the weaknesses listed in order to build a more successful small business. 2. development the total product view, describe the hot and spicy chocolate truffle offered by Cowgirl Chocolates?Based on this product view do you think this product get out be readily accepte d by consumers? Why or why not? The hot and spicy chocolate truffle offered by Cowgirl Chocolates were offered in several flavors such as plain chocolate, mint, orange, lime tequila, and espresso. The plain chocolate, mint, and orange truffles were wrapped in property wrappers, the lime tequila truffles were wrapped in green wrappers, and the espresso truffles were wrapped in red wrappers in order for the customer to recognize that this truffle was extra spicy and hot.Personally, I hope the promotion of the truffles is not fully intelligible because red does denote something hot, while the other flavors wrappers dont fully translate to being hot and spicy. The truffles were also available in empower boxes, drawstring muslin bags, a collectible tin, and also in a plastic bag if the customer chose to purchase the truffles on the Cowgirl Chocolates website. Personally, I do not believe that consumers impart readily accept this product because the general market of consumers will m ore than believably purchase sweet, milky chocolates over hot and spicy chocolates.The purchase of Cowgirl Chocolates fully depends on whether the consumer equals the taste rather than attractive packaging and different experience. 3. What market do you think the hot and spicy truffles is competing inthe hot and spicy sustenance market, the chocolate candy market, the return niche market, or other? Personally, I believe the hot and spicy truffles are competing in the chocolate candy market because when one thinks of the name Cowgirl Chocolates the word chocolate comes to bear in mind rather than hot and spicy. The hot and spicy food market is strongly associated with spices, sauces, Mexican foods, and Spanish influenced foods.Cowgirl Chocolates thus seems more worryly to be successful in the chocolate candy market rather than the hot and spicy food market due to the unique packaging of the truffles, the brand name given to the product, and the premium ingredients and price. 4. What is your assessment of Marilyns promotional efforts? In order for Marilyn to increase the sale of her chocolates, should she use a drudge or pull communication strategy? Personally, I believe that Marilyn has been very effective with her promotional efforts in order to create customer demand. Through the use of her award-winning recognition for packaging at heterogeneous art shows, dvertising in her local newspaper, the Soviet Awards recognition of her unique and tasty products, and presence and involvement with Seattle Chocolates suck up thus far helped bring some awareness for her product. In order for Marilyn to increase the sale of her chocolates, she should use a pull communication strategy because the more publicity she is able to gain for product and imaginative packaging, the greater awareness she will thus be able to gain for her business. 5. As you examine march 2, you will note that Cowgirl Chocolates offers several gift packages (1/4 outfox, 1/2 pound, 1 lb. g ift bucket, gift basket, nothing fancy) that range in suggested retail prices from $8. 95 to $59. 95. Given these price and packaging alternatives what type of product (convenience, shopping, or specialty) is Cowgirl Chocolates? Based on this classification would the buyer decision more likely to be a routine, limited or complex decision? Explain your reasoning. Given these price and packaging alternatives I believe Cowgirl Chocolates are specialty products because they are more expensive and thus for the most part exclusively distributed in either specialty stores or gift stores.By classifying Cowgirl Chocolates as specialty products, buyer decision would more likely be a limited decision because it requires putting though in the shopping process and wherefore the decision whether to purchase or not purchase the product the product takes place in a store environment where the display of the products is thus very important to whether or not the customer will thus end up purchasing the product. 6. The suggested retail price and wholesale prices of Cowgirl Chocolates products are displayed in let out 2 along with the product and packaging costs.Based on this information, discuss the relative merits of using a cost-based, demand-based, or competition based set method. The relative merits of using a cost-based, demand-based, or competition based pricing method include recognizing the that the retail prices are pretty much double the wholesale price. Thus, the combined packaging costs and the imported chocolate make these high-quality products very costly even before markups on the products are made at both the wholesale and retail level. Similarly, hen one compares the price of for example, the half pound tin, that seems very expensive when compared to a 24 pack of Lindor Chocolate Truffles which costs $12. 00 a bag. 7. Construct a table consisting of the generic marketing ripple strategies. Based on what you know about Cowgirl Chocolates, what marketing mix p lan would you propose to Marilyn and why? Based on what I know about Cowgirl Chocolates, I would recommend gift purchases to Marilyn because gift purchases are strongly influenced by both situational and temporary conditions, which thus allow for legion(predicate) opportunities to purchase Cowgirl Chocolates.Furthermore, these chocolates are very appropriate to give to a male consumer because research shows that men like hot and spicy foods more so than women. Cowgirl Chocolates would also be a good small gift to someone hosting a party or a dinner since a lot of consumers look or so for a small gift in order to say thank you to the hostess.? 8. For a small business like Cowgirl Chocolates, what benefits and/or potential problems does a website offer? For a small business like Cowgirl Chocolates, a website offers both benefits and potential problems.The benefits include providing Marilyn the opportunity to build an online customer database and a database with customers who are th us resort customers. Another benefit includes the business Cowgirl Chocolates to gain online awareness by being features on the appropriate online portals like chocolate candies and unique gift products. The potential problems include the possibility of sales increasing online and Marilyn thus moldiness figure out a way to manage the increasing demand which might include having to pay additional costs in both packaging and shipping and additional labor costs in order to prepare the packages.